The mission of museums to promote education——an analysis of ecological civilization education from an international perspective
博物馆兴教使命——国际视野下的生态文明教育探析

摘要

观之国际博物馆协会（International Council of Museums, ICOM）、英国博物馆协会（Museums Association, MA）、美国博物馆协会（American Alliance of Museums, AAM）以及美国艺术博物馆馆长协会（Association of Art Museum Directors, AAMD）等博物馆组织，笔者通过查找最新的学术研究、案例、数据或讨论，得以窥见自2020年—2023年以来全球艺术机构对于生态环境教育的高度关注。博物馆作为教育实施的资源阵地，兼具跨学科、跨媒介等优势，集收藏、展示、保护、研究、阐释与教育职能于一身，而“教育活动”则外显为其文化职能实现的主要途径，亦是实施生态文明教育的基地。随着工业文明的迅速发展，全球性问题如环境污染、人口激增、生态恶化不断加剧，使得人类生存和生态环境面临严重危机。在这一背景下，生态文明教育作为社会不可或缺、急切需要解决的重要议题凸显。良好的生态环境是全人类的福祉，生态保护教育亦任重道远，艺术则是环境保护教育的提炼与升华，二者相结合方才能够激发公众的同感心理。文章将回顾与梳理2023年国际艺术机构以“环境保护”为主题的展览，对博物馆事业发达国家实施生态文明教育职能的案例状况进行具体分析。尝试从中总结汲取有益经验、回顾其创造性的文化引导方式、以及近年来学界对于环境保护、可持续发展、污染防控等主题的关注，集中展示博物馆生态文明教育职能实现的必要性与可行性。最后针对生态文明教育问题所面对现实和未来社会种种不确定因素，作出若干思考和对策。

Abstract

In recent years, leading global museum organizations such as ICOM, MA, AAM, and AAMD have demonstrated a keen interest in environmental education, delving into the latest academic research, cases, data, and discussions spanning 2020 to 2023.Museums, recognized as crucial educational hubs with interdisciplinary and multimedia strengths, encompass functions like collection, exhibition, preservation, research, interpretation, and education. The pivotal role of "educational activities" is emphasized, serving as the foundation for introducing ecological civilization education. The rapid expansion of industrial civilization has exacerbated global issues, including pollution, population growth, and ecological damage, posing a serious crisis for both humanity and the environment. Consequently, ecological civilization education has emerged as a vital and urgently needed initiative for societal well-being.Acknowledging the essential role of a healthy environment for humanity and the urgent demand for ecological education, the integration of art and ecological conservation enriches the discourse, rendering environmental issues more accessible to the public. This article zeroes in on scrutinizing exhibitions centered around "environmental protection" organized by international art institutions in 2023. It investigates specific instances of integrating ecological education functions within established museum sectors, extracting valuable experiences and innovative cultural guidance approaches. The study also notes the escalating scholarly interest in ecological education in recent years.The primary objective is to underscore the significance and feasibility of implementing ecological education functions in museums, addressing uncertainties in the present and future of society. The article aims to present reflections and strategies, offering insights into the pivotal role museums can play in addressing environmental challenges and fostering public awareness.