Gender comparative analysis of parental leave policy from the perspective of employment-fertility balance
就业生育平衡视角下育儿假政策的性别比较分析

摘要

近年来，随着育儿假政策在全国各地的陆续颁布和实施，育儿假对父母就业带来的影响及其性别差异也逐渐引起大家的关注。本研究从社会民主主义、保守主义、自由主义国家中分别选取9个典型福利国家代表，并将其分为“双职工-政府照顾”、“传统型”与“双职工-市场主导”模式，分别从育儿假带薪时长、假期待遇等对其进行对比分析。分析发现我们应合理安排育儿假时长，建立育儿假期间合理的工资补贴及成本分担机制，同时考虑父亲育儿假专属，缩小休育儿假对就业产生的性别差异，促进女性高质量就业。

Abstract

In recent years, with the promulgation and implementation of parental leave policies across the country, the impact of parental leave on parents' employment and its gender differences have gradually attracted everyone's attention. This study selected 9 typical welfare state representatives from social democratic, conservative, and liberal countries, and divided them into "dual-income-government care", "traditional" and "dual-income-market-led" models, and compared and analyzed them from the perspectives of paid parental leave duration and holiday benefits. The analysis found that we should reasonably arrange the length of parental leave, establish a reasonable wage subsidy and cost-sharing mechanism during parental leave, and consider the exclusive parental leave for fathers, narrow the gender differences in employment caused by parental leave, and promote high-quality employment for women.