A study of Shakespeare’s plays viewed from the perspective of Toury’s theory of translation norms---Based on Zhu Shenghao’s Chinese version of Hamlet
图里翻译规范理论视角下对莎士比亚戏剧的翻译研究——以《哈姆雷特》朱生豪汉译本为例

摘要

《哈姆雷特》作为莎士比亚的杰出代表作之一，其翻译研究一直是学术界的焦点。在上世纪80年代，以色列学者图里提出了翻译规范理论，且很大程度上推动了翻译研究的文化转向。本文以图里翻译规范理论为框架，深入探讨了朱生豪《哈姆雷特》汉译本中翻译规范对译者策略选择的影响及其背后的原因。研究表明，朱生豪在翻译过程中主要采用归化策略，注重译文在目标文化中的可接受性，其翻译受到初始规范、预备规范和操作规范的共同影响。通过对具体译例的分析，本文揭示了朱生豪如何在源语言与目标语言之间寻求平衡，使译文既忠实于原著，又符合中文读者的阅读习惯。研究结果表明，朱生豪的翻译策略选择不仅体现了其深厚的文学功底和文化使命感，也反映了翻译活动在跨文化交流中的重要作用，为翻译活动注入了新的活力。

Abstract

Hamlet, one of Shakespeare’s outstanding masterpieces, has long been a focal point in translation studies within the academic circles. In the 1980s, the Israeli scholar Gideon Toury put forward the theory of translation norms, which significantly promoted the cultural turn in translation research. Based on Toury’s theory of translation norms, this paper delves into the influence of translation norms on the translator’s strategy choices in Zhu Shenghao’s Chinese version of Hamlet and the underlying reasons. The research reveals that Zhu Shenghao predominantly adopted the domestication strategy during the translation process, with a focus on the acceptability of the translated text in the target culture. His translation was jointly influenced by initial norms, preliminary norms, and operational norms. Through the analysis of specific translation examples, this paper illuminates how Zhu Shenghao struck a balance between the source language and the target language, enabling the translated text to be both faithful to the original work and understood by Chinese readers accurately. The findings demonstrate that Zhu Shenghao’s translation strategy choices not only reflect his profound literary skills and cultural mission but also mirror the crucial role of translation activities in cross-cultural communication, injecting new vitality into translation activities.