Explore the changing concept of female nudity in the west with examples of lunch on the grass at Manet and Olympia
探究西方女性裸体艺术观念的转变——以马奈的《草地上的午餐》和《奥林匹亚》为例

摘要

提到裸体艺术发展，便是半部西方艺术发展史，从两万年前的原始时期，历经古希腊时期、昏暗的中世纪、繁盛的文艺复兴、浮华的巴洛克、到开放包容的19世纪，从现实主义、古典主义到印象主义等，西方裸体艺术也在不断变化发展，其中女性裸体作为裸体艺术永恒的主题，其观念更是不断转变和更迭。至19世纪马奈起，女性裸体艺术出现大变革。沿着这条线索，本文主要介绍西方女性裸体艺术观念的转变以及以马奈的两幅作品为例具体论述其中的艺术理念。本文借助文献综合法、个案研究法、比较分析法等以马奈的作品为例对西方女性裸体艺术观念展开研究。首先从西方裸体艺术的起源出发，其次纵观西方女性裸体艺术观念的发展，再通过对马奈的《草地上的午餐》和《奥林匹亚》深入剖析，解读当时西方女性裸体观念的转变。最后将西方女性裸体艺术观念与中国女性裸体艺术观念与笔者本人的女性裸体题材绘画做比较分析，展现女性裸体艺术在不同时代背景下的观念转变并始终能在艺术史上熠熠生辉的永恒魅力。

Abstract

The development of nude art is half of the history of Western art, from the primitive period of 20,000 years ago, through the dark medieval flourishing of the ancient Greek period, the flamboyant Baroque of the Renaissance, to the open and inclusive 19th century, from the realism of classicism to impressionism, western nude art is also changing and developing constantly. As the eternal theme of nude art, the concept of female nudity is changing and changing constantly. Since the 19th century Manet, female nude art has undergone a great revolution. Following this clue, this paper mainly introduces the transformation of the western concept of female nude art and takes two works by Manet as an example to discuss the artistic concept in detail. This article uses the literature synthesis method, the case study method, the comparative analysis method, etc. to take Manet's work as an example to study the concept of western female nude art. Firstly, starting from the origin of western nude art, secondly, looking at the development of western female nude artistic conception, and then through in-depth analysis of Manet's "Lunch on the Grass" and "Olympia" to interpret the change of Western female nude concept at that time. Finally, a comparative analysis of the western female nude art concept and the Chinese female nude art concept and the author's paintings on female nude subjects show the eternal charm of female nude art's conceptual transformation under different era backgrounds and always shining in the history of art.