Natural relations and dialectics versus supernatural ideals and logic: a comparison of Chinese and Western thinking
中西思维比较：自然的关系与超自然的理念

摘要

本文旨在探究中西方思维模式的根本差异及其对社会发展的深远影响。西方思维源于古希腊的形而上学传统，其核心是柏拉图的原型理念和亚里士多德的形式逻辑，这两种思想共同塑造了西方文明对超然、抽象原则的追求。这种思维方式不仅催生了牛顿力学和爱因斯坦相对论等科学革命，也为启蒙运动奠定了基础。相比之下，中国文化则更侧重于实用主义和经验主义，强调对具体事物和人际关系的辩证洞察。论文将从科学、人文和政治三个领域，通过案例对比，深入分析中西方这两种思维模式的异同。特别地，本文将探讨这两种截然不同的文化基因如何深刻影响并在一定程度上塑造了各自的政治体制及其实践，从而揭示文化与制度之间的内在联系。通过这种比较，本文希望为我们理解自身文化特性，并借鉴西方思想精华提供新的视角。

Abstract

The Greek metaphysical tradition, alongside the Judeo-Christian religious heritage, is widely considered a foundational pillar of Western civilization. This intellectual lineage, particularly its emphasis on abstract and logical thought, served as the intellectual bedrock for the European Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution, culminating in monumental theories such as Newton's law of gravity and Einstein's theory of relativity. This paper presents a comparative analysis of these two distinct intellectual traditions. It explores how the Greek tradition's idealistic and logical approach—as exemplified by Aristotle's formal logic and Euclidean geometry—fundamentally differs from the Chinese tradition's relationist and dialectical way of thinking, rooted in Taoism and Confucianism. Through case studies in science, political philosophy, and ethics, this study aims to reveal how these divergent modes of thought have shaped the development of their respective civilizations.