Characteristics, causes, and countermeasures of generative artificial intelligence users among college students
大学生生成式人工智能使用者群体特征、成因及对策

摘要

人工智能与大学生群体的深度融合，引起广泛关注的同时也对大学生的学习成效、数字媒介素养以及高校的人才培养体系产生深刻影响，然而学界针对大样本学生群体的研究尚显不足。本研究对1000余名学生进行全面调研，同时对部分样本进行参与式观察与半结构式访谈，构建大学生GAI使用的群体画像，并对他们使用行为背后的影响机制、特征进行深入探究。研究发现学生的使用行为与学习效率需求、专业任务适配、教师引导作用、个人能力拓展动机有关，并且呈现出从“学习需要”延伸到“生活陪伴”、专业背景影响使用行为、倾向交叉使用工具、认知与交流存在盲区、地域和付费偏好分化等特征，还存在伦理意识薄弱、盲目乐观等问题。研究还从高校、教师、技术及学生四个维度提出相应对策，有利于完善研究框架，为技术赋能高等教育提供实践路径。

Abstract

The deep integration of artificial intelligence and college students has not only drawn widespread attention but also exerted a profound influence on college students’ learning effectiveness, digital media literacy, and the talent cultivation system of institutions. However, academic research on large sample student groups is still inadequate. This study conducted a comprehensive survey of over 1,000 students, and meanwhile, carried out participatory observation and semi-structured interviews on some samples to construct a group profile of GAI usage among college students. It also delved deeply into the influencing mechanisms and characteristics behind their usage behaviors. It’s found that students’ usage behavior is correlated with their learning efficiency needs, professional task adaptation, the guiding role from teachers, and the motivation for personal ability expansion. Moreover, it shows features such as extending from “learning needs” to “life companionship”, professional background influencing usage behavior, tendency to cross-use tools, blind spots in cognition and communication, and differentiation in regional and payment preferences. There still exist challenges such as weak ethical awareness and blind optimism. The research also proposes corresponding countermeasures from four dimensions: universities, teachers, technology and students, which is conducive to improving the research framework and providing practical paths for technology to empower higher education.