Research on the internationalization development path of Hunan universities under the initiative of “Double First-Class” construction
“双一流”背景下湖南高校国际化发展路径研究

摘要

在国家“双一流”建设与内陆开放战略背景下，湖南省高校国际化发展兼具战略重要性与现实紧迫性。本文以湖南省四所“双一流”高校为研究对象，通过分析其2022–2024年间的本科教学质量报告、国际合作数据与政策文本，系统考察其国际化发展现状。研究发现，湖南高校整体呈现“头部引领与非均衡格局并存”的态势，并在学生流动、中外合作办学、外教师资结构与战略协同等方面存在结构性困境，具体表现为：“走出去”与“引进来”失衡、合作办学同质化与品牌缺失、外籍教师比例偏低且流动率高、“双一流”身份与区域服务责任难以协同等关键问题。针对上述困境，本文借鉴奈特（Knight）的高等教育区域化理论，从“功能—组织—政治”三个维度提出系统性路径重构策略：在功能层面，推动学生双向流动、共建特色学科品牌、实施国际学者引才计划；在组织层面，构建省级国际化联盟与学者流动岗，促进资源共建共享；在政治层面，将区域贡献度纳入绩效评估，并制定省级教育开放行动纲要，以高位政策引导国际化与区域发展深度融合。本研究旨在为湖南乃至同类地区的高校在国际化进程中实现提质增效、破解协同困境提供理论参考与政策启示。

Abstract

Against the backdrop of China’s initiative of “Double First-Class” construction and the inland opening-up strategy, the internationalization of higher education in Hunan Province holds both strategic importance and practical urgency. Taking four “Double First-Class” universities in Hunan as case studies, this paper systematically examines their internationalization status by analyzing undergraduate teaching quality reports, international cooperation data, and policy documents from 2022 to 2024. The findings reveal that Hunan’s universities display a pattern characterized by “leading institutions driving the front while uneven development persists.” Structural challenges are identified in several key areas, including student mobility, Sino-foreign cooperative education, international faculty composition, and strategic coordination. Specifically, these challenges manifest as an imbalance between “going global” and “bringing in,” homogeneity and lack of branding in cooperative education programs, a low proportion and high turnover rate of foreign faculty, and difficulties in reconciling “Double First-Class” ambitions with regional service responsibilities. Drawing on Knight’s theory of higher education regionalization, this study proposes a systematic reconstruction path from three dimensions: functional, organizational, and political. Functionally, it suggests promoting two-way student mobility, co-developing distinctive academic brands, and implementing international scholar recruitment programs. Organizationally, it advocates establishing a provincial internationalization alliance and scholar mobility posts to enhance resource sharing. Politically, it recommends incorporating regional contribution into performance evaluation and formulating a provincial education opening-up action plan to guide the deep integration of internationalization and regional development through high-level policies. This research aims to provide theoretical references and policy insights for universities in Hunan and other similar regions to enhance the quality and efficiency of their internationalization processes and to address coordination challenges effectively.