摘要
针对当前认知科学领域本体论定位模糊、理论体系割裂、方法论单一、学科整合性不足、生态效度偏低的系统性困境，本文以认知的本质界定为逻辑起点，采用理论建构与经典实验佐证相结合的研究方法，系统重构了认知的系统性定义与七大核心要素框架，逐层拆解了认知活动从初级感知到高级思维的内在层级加工链条，搭建了描述、解释、预测、验证、修正五大外在表现形式的完整闭环体系，延伸探讨了主客观辩证关系、科学认知适配判定标准、认知相对真理性与科幻构想现实可能性等核心哲学议题，最终构建了一套逻辑自洽、全链条贯通、跨学科兼容的认知理论体系。研究弥补了现有主流认知理论的固有局限，打破了认知科学各分支学科的研究壁垒，为认知科学的跨学科整合、理论完善与实践应用提供了全新的系统性理论框架，也为人工智能类人认知模型构建、个体认知能力提升等实践场景提供了底层逻辑支撑。
关键词： 认知建构；知觉加工；思维模型；科学认知；主客观辩证关系；感觉；具象思维；抽象思维
Abstract
In response to the systematic predicaments in the field of cognitive science, such as ambiguous ontological positioning, fragmented theoretical systems, monotonous methodology, insufficient disciplinary integration, and low ecological validity, this paper takes the definition of the essence of cognition as the logical starting point, and adopts a research method combining theoretical construction with classic experiments for verification. It systematically reconstructs the systematic definition of cognition and the framework of its seven core elements, gradually disassembles the internal hierarchical processing chain of cognitive activities from primary perception to advanced thinking, builds a complete closed-loop system of description, explanation, prediction, verification, and correction, and extends to explore core philosophical issues such as the dialectical relationship between subjectivity and objectivity, the criteria for scientific cognitive adaptation, the relative truth of cognition, and the realistic possibility of science fiction concepts. Finally, it constructs a set of logically consistent, fully integrated across the entire chain, and compatible with multiple disciplines cognitive theory system. The research has overcome the inherent limitations of existing mainstream cognitive theories, broken through the research barriers of various branches of cognitive science, provided a new systematic theoretical framework for the interdisciplinary integration, theoretical improvement, and practical application of cognitive science, and also provided a bottom-level logical support for practical scenarios such as the construction of human-like cognitive models in artificial intelligence and the enhancement of individual cognitive abilities.
Key words： Cognitive construction; Perception processing; Thinking model; Scientific cognition; The dialectical relationship between subject and object; Sensation; Concrete thinking; Abstract thinking
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