A study of Japan's vocational education assistance to Kazakhstan from the perspective of international aid theory
国际援助理论视域下日本对哈萨克斯坦职业教育援助研究

摘要

本文基于国际援助理论视角，分析日本对哈萨克斯坦职业教育援助的路径与机制。研究发现，日本依托官方发展援助（ODA）平台，以职教援助为抓手，服务于国家利益与地缘政治目标，通过ODA项目嵌入式培养、官产学网络协作、文化价值观渗透三位一体的路径，在哈关键产业人才培养、制度化平台建设及软实力提升方面取得成效，体现了“国家建设在于人才培养”的理念。然而，援助亦面临培训与市场脱节、投入规模有限、价值观输出敏感等局限。日本经验表明，成功的国际职教合作需实现技术转移与能力建设的深度融合。对我国而言，应在“一带一路”框架下构建以能力共建为核心、供需精准对接为机制、本土化可持续发展为支撑的对哈职教合作新范式，推动形成更深层次的人力资源共同体，助力中哈命运共同体建设。

Abstract

From the perspective of international aid theory, this study examines the pathways and mechanisms of Japan's vocational education assistance to Kazakhstan. The findings reveal that Japan, utilizing its Official Development Assistance (ODA) platform and leveraging vocational education aid as a strategic instrument, advances its national interests and geopolitical objectives. Through an integrated tripartite approach—embedding training within ODA projects, fostering government-industry-academia collaboration, and promoting cultural value infusion—Japan has made significant progress in developing human resources for Kazakhstan's key industries, establishing institutionalized training platforms, and enhancing its own soft power. This approach embodies the principle that "national development hinges on human capital cultivation." However, the assistance also confronts challenges such as misalignment between training and market demands, constraints in funding scale, and the sensitive nature of value export. Japan's experience suggests that successful international vocational cooperation necessitates deep integration of technology transfer and capacity building. For China, this implies developing a new paradigm of vocational cooperation with Kazakhstan under the Belt and Road Initiative—one centered on co-building capabilities, driven by precise supply-demand alignment, and sustained through localized development. Such an approach would foster a deeper human resources community and contribute to the construction of a China-Kazakhstan community with a shared future.