The two aspects of Taixu’s efforts to build a sangha-centric monastic community
太虚法师僧团建设僧伽本位的两个面向

摘要

太虚法师的僧团建设思想以“僧伽本位”为核心，通过双重路径推进近代中国佛教的现代转型：一是争取僧团自治权，针对僧制家族化、寺产私有化等积弊，在《整理僧伽制度论》中系统提出教籍、教产、教规的公共化改革，确立僧团在制度与经济上的独立主体地位；二是强化僧伽住持权，强调需通过次第修学与现代僧教育培育合格僧才，构建从律仪基础、教理研习到实修体证的完整体系，并以佛学院为载体，推动僧教育回归“整体僧伽生活”的养成[1]。自治权为僧团奠定外在制度基础，住持权则形塑其内在能力根基，二者共同指向僧团在现代社会中的主体性建构，为佛教中国化与现代化提供了关键的理论与实践范式。

Abstract

Master Tai Xu’s thought on the construction of the sangha is centered on the “sangha-oriented” principle. Through a dual approach, he promoted the modern transformation of Buddhism in modern China: first, he sought the autonomy of the sangha, addressing the long-standing problems such as the family-based nature of the sangha and the privatization of temple properties. In his “On the Reformation of the Sangha System,” he systematically proposed the publicization of religious records, religious properties, and religious regulations, establishing the independent status of the sangha in terms of both system and economy. Second, he emphasized the strengthening of the leadership of the sangha, stressing the need to cultivate qualified monks through a step-by-step study and modern monastic education, and to build a complete system from the foundation of precepts, the study of doctrines to practical realization. He also used Buddhist colleges as a vehicle to promote monastic education that returns to the cultivation of “the overall monastic life.” Autonomy provides the external institutional foundation for the sangha, while leadership shapes its internal capacity base. Both together point to the construction of the sangha’s subjectivity in modern society, providing a crucial theoretical and practical model for the Sinicization and modernization of Buddhism.