Research on the opportunities, challenges, and internationalization pathways of digital RMB in trade settlement under the Belt and Road Initiative
数字人民币在“一带一路”贸易结算中的机遇、挑战与国际化路径研究

摘要

在数字技术发展背景下，数字货币成为国际金融焦点，数字人民币作为中国法定数字货币为“一带一路”贸易结算提供新方案。论文分析“一带一路”贸易结算依赖美元体系存在的问题，阐述数字人民币定位、运营体系及功能特点，结合其在跨境电商、大宗商品贸易等场景的应用案例与规模拓展情况，指出其在降低交易成本、提高结算效率等方面的优势，以及面临的技术安全风险、监管政策差异等挑战，提出加强技术研发与安全保障、完善监管政策与国际协调、拓展应用场景与市场等应对策略，探索从金融基础设施建设、政策协调与合作、应用场景拓展等方面推进国际化路径，认为数字人民币未来在“一带一路”贸易结算领域机遇广阔，需应对技术、监管等挑战以推动人民币国际化和沿线国家经济合作。

Abstract

Against the backdrop of digital technology development, digital currencies have become a focal point in international finance. As China's legal digital currency, the digital RMB offers a new solution for trade settlement under the Belt and Road Initiative. This paper analyzes the issues associated with the reliance on the US dollar in trade settlement within the Belt and Road framework, elaborates on the positioning, operational system, and functional characteristics of the digital RMB, and examines its application cases and expanding scale in scenarios such as cross-border e-commerce and commodity trade. It highlights the advantages of the digital RMB in reducing transaction costs and improving settlement efficiency, as well as the challenges it faces, including technical security risks and differences in regulatory policies. The paper proposes strategies such as strengthening technological research and security measures, improving regulatory policies and international coordination, and expanding application scenarios and markets. It explores pathways for internationalization through the development of financial infrastructure, policy coordination and cooperation, and the expansion of application scenarios. The paper concludes that the digital RMB holds broad opportunities in the field of trade settlement under the Belt and Road Initiative, while also facing technical and regulatory challenges that need to be addressed to promote the internationalization of the RMB and economic cooperation among the countries along the route.