摘要
本文以普陀山观音洞窟为研究对象，采用文献梳理与实地考察法，探究其概况、历史文献、空间特征及石刻佛像。观音洞窟存有“三世佛”及“西方三圣”等石刻，虽因年代侵蚀与烟熏等缘故，依托“观音”命名成为圣地景观，与所属寺院形成空间互补，石窟造像亦为神圣性建构提供支撑。研究同时指出石窟文物保护薄弱问题，可为佛教文化遗产保护及同类信仰景观研究提供参考。
关键词： 观音洞窟；文献考析；石刻佛像
Abstract
Taking the Guanyin Cave of Putuo Mountain as the core research object, this paper systematically explores its general situation, historical literature context, spatial morphological characteristics and remaining stone-carved Buddha statues by adopting the methods of literature review and field investigation. There are preserved Buddhist stone carvings including the Trikaya Buddhas and the Three Saints of the West in the Guanyin Cave. Although damaged by natural erosion, smoke fumigation and other natural and human factors over the years, the cave has formed a unique sacred Buddhist landscape based on Guanyin belief, and forms a favorable spatial complementary relationship with the surrounding temples. The grotto statues also serve as an important material carrier for the construction of the cave’s sanctity. This study clarifies the spatial and cultural value of the Guanyin Cave, and points out the prominent problems of weak foundation and imperfect system in the current cultural relic protection work of the cave. It can provide references for the protection and inheritance of Buddhist cultural heritage, the restoration and preservation of grotto statues, and academic research on similar Buddhist belief landscapes.
Key words： Guanyin cave; Literature analysis; Stone-carved Buddha statues
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