An exploration of the “Dominant Role of Daoist Philosophy”——An analysis beyond the terminology of “Daoism”
“道家哲学主干说”探赜——一种超越“道家”术语的分析

摘要

超越学术史的“道家”术语来分析“道家哲学主干说”，可以将其蕴含的哲学问题显题化，有助于避免“主义”之争，致力于探索背后的思想逻辑与哲学价值。陈鼓应以“文化的儒家与哲学的道家”立论，明确了“道家哲学主干说”的考察范围，由此展开对中国哲学史的反思；基于中国哲学的样态引出“主干”问题，立场不局限于学术史中的“道家”，还包括所有的“道”论系统开拓者；运用“概念丛”的方法实现对学脉的把握，使不同的“主干说”之间实现和谐互补；由回顾过去的“道家哲学主干说”引出展望未来的“新道家”，视野开阔而包容，合于倡导多元、开放的“新子学”精神，为我们提供了一条学术史与哲学史并重的解决哲学问题的思路。

Abstract

Moving beyond the terminology of “Daoism” in academic history to analyze the theory of the “dominant role of Daoist philosophy” can bring its underlying philosophical issues to light. This approach helps to avoid debates centered on “isms” and focuses instead on exploring the intellectual logic and philosophical value behind the theory. Chen Guying established his argument on the premise of “Confucianism as culture and Daoism as philosophy,” clarifying the scope of inquiry for the “dominant role” theory and thereby launching a reflection on the history of Chinese philosophy. By considering the forms of Chinese philosophy, the issue of “dominance” is raised; the stance is not confined to “Daoism” within academic history but includes all pioneers of “Dao”-oriented theoretical systems. The method of “conceptual clusters” is employed to grasp scholarly lineages, enabling harmonious complementarity among different theories of “dominance.” Looking back at the past theory of the “dominant role of Daoist philosophy” leads to a vision for a “New Daoism” in the future. This perspective is broad and inclusive, aligning with the spirit of advocating for a pluralistic and open “New Studies of the Masters” (Xin Zixue). It provides us with an approach to solving philosophical problems that gives equal weight to both academic history and the history of philosophy.