摘要
强制报告制度基于儿童利益最大化和国家亲权理念具备其理论依据，明确其在未成年人保护体系中的核心地位，将有助于增强未成年人保护工作的预防效果。为减少针对未成年人侵害案件的发生，以及促进侵害强制报告制度的进一步完善，需系统审视现行制度的具体规定。现存的强制报告制度在报告主体、受理部门及责任追究机制等方面存在的不明确性和执行难度。通过对比国际经验，文章提出了具体的改进措施，包括细化报告义务主体范围、明确统一的受理部门、完善线上报告渠道以及健全责任追究体系等。这些措施旨在提高制度的可操作性和实效性，从而加强未成年人权益的保护，推动我国未成年人保护法治体系的健全与发展。
关键词： 强制报告；未成年人保护；国家亲权
Abstract
The mandatory reporting system is theoretically grounded in the principles of maximizing the best interests of the child and the doctrine of state parens patriae. Clarifying its central role within the minor protection framework will contribute to enhancing the preventive effectiveness of child protection efforts. In order to reduce the incidence of offenses against minors and to further refine the mandatory reporting system, it is essential to conduct a systematic review of the current legal provisions. The existing system faces challenges in terms of ambiguity and implementation difficulties, particularly with respect to the scope of reporting entities, the responsible receiving authorities, and the accountability mechanisms. Drawing on international experience, this paper proposes specific improvement measures, including expanding and clarifying the scope of mandatory reporters, designating a unified receiving authority, improving online reporting channels, and establishing a sound accountability system. These reforms aim to enhance the operability and effectiveness of the system, thereby strengthening the protection of minors’ rights and promoting the development of a sound legal system for the protection of minors in China.
Key words： Mandatory reporting; Child protection; State parens patriae
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