摘要
2025年国务院政府工作报告首次将“投资于人”纳入战略部署，此举被学界解读为经济社会发展从“物的积累”导向转向“人的发展”导向的政策信号。该转向为职业教育迈向高质量发展阶段输送了理论资源和政策空间。本文以人力资本理论作为分析底座，尝试廓清“投资于人”与职业教育变革之间的内在逻辑链条，进而剖解当下职业教育在结构性矛盾与制度瓶颈方面的真实困境。从实践路径看，“投资于人”的落地需要差异化生均拨款制度、产教融合机制创新、技能型社会建设三者协同发力，以此牵引职业教育完成从“规模扩张”到“质量提升”的形态转变。重庆科创职业学院“四权分置”改革与霍林郭勒市公共实训中心“闭环式赋能”模式的案例表明，围绕“人的全面发展”来配置教育资源，能够有效消解校企协作中的“两张皮”顽疾，促成教育链、人才链与产业链之间的深度咬合。
关键词： 投资于人；职业教育；高质量发展；产教融合；人力资本
Abstract
The 2025 State Council Government Work Report included “investing in people” as a strategic deployment for the first time, which has been interpreted by academia as a policy signal of shifting from a “material accumulation”-oriented approach to a “human development”-oriented approach in economic and social development. This shift provides theoretical resources and policy space for vocational education to move toward high-quality development. Based on human capital theory, this paper attempts to clarify the inherent logical chain between “investing in people” and the transformation of vocational education, and further analyzes the real dilemmas faced by vocational education in terms of structural contradictions and institutional bottlenecks. From a practical perspective, the implementation of “investing in people” requires the coordinated efforts of differentiated per-student funding systems, innovation in industry–education integration mechanisms, and the construction of a skills-based society, thereby guiding vocational education to transition from “scale expansion” to “quality improvement.” Case studies of the “four-power separation” reform at Chongqing Vocational College of Science and Technology Innovation and the “closed-loop empowerment” model at the Huolinguole Public Training Center demonstrate that allocating educational resources around “comprehensive human development” can effectively resolve the long-standing “two separate skins” problem in school–enterprise collaboration, fostering deep alignment among the education chain, talent chain, and industrial chain.
Key words： Investing in people; Vocational education; High-quality development; Industry-education integration; Human capital
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